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Features
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Read/Write Anti-collision ID Transponder in Plastic Package Contactless Read/Write Data Transmission Inductive Coupled Power Supply at 125 kHz Basic Component: R/W IDIC e5551 Anti-collision Mode by Password Request - E.g. 10 Transponders Read Out in < 500 ms (RF/32, Maxblock 2) Depending on the Application Built-in Coil and Capacitor for Circuit Antenna Starts with Cyclical Data Read Out 224-bit EEPROM User Programmable in 32-bit Blocks Typically < 50 ms to Write and Verify a Block Write Protection by Lock Bits Malprogramming Protection Options Set by EEPROM - Bit Rate [bit/s]: RF/8, RF/16, RF/32, RF/40, RF/50, RF/64, RF/100, RF/128 - Modulation: BIN, FSK, PSK, Manchester, Bi-phase
Application
* * * *
Access Control Systems Process Control and Automation Systems Installation and Medical Equipment Asset Management Systems
Standard Read/Write ID Transponder with Anticollision TK5551
Description
The TK5551 is a completely programmable R/W transponder which implements all important functions for identification systems, including anti-collision (e.g., 10 transponders in < 500 ms depending on the application). It allows the contactless reading and writing of data which are transmitted bi-directionally between a read/write base station and the transponder. It is a plastic-packaged device which accommodates the IDIC e5551 and also the antenna realized as an LC-circuit. No additional external power supply is necessary for the transponder because it receives power from the RF field generated by the base station. Data are transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the RF field. The TK5551 can be used to adjust and modify the ID code or any other stored data, e.g., rolling code systems. The on-chip 264-bit EEPROM (8 blocks, 33 bits per block) can be read and written block wise from the base station. The blocks can be protected against overwriting. One block is reserved for setting the operation modes of the IC. Another block can obtain a password to prevent unauthorized writing. Figure 1. System Block Diagram
Base station
U2270B read/ write IC MARC4 series microcontroller
RF field
TK5551 Transponder (e5551 + coil + C in plastic package) C e5551
Power Data Coil
Rev. 4709B-RFID-10/03
General
The transponder is the mobile part of the closed coupled identification system (see Figure 1 on page 1), whereas the read/write base station is based on the U2270B or on discrete solutions, and the read/write transponder is based on the IDIC e5551. The transponder is a plastic cube device consisting of the following parts: * * The transponder antenna, realized as a tuned LC circuit Read/write IDIC (e5551) with EEPROM
Transponder Antenna
The antenna consists of a coil and a capacitor for tuning the circuit to the nominal carrier frequency of 125 kHz. The coil has a ferrite core for improving the distance of read, write and programming operations. The read/write IDIC e5551 is part of the transponder TK5551. The data are transmitted bi-directionally between the base station and the transponder. The transponder receives power via a single coil from the RF signal generated by the base station. The single coil is connected to the chip and also serves as the IC's bi-directional communication interface. Data are transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the RF signal. Reading of register contents occurs by damping the coil by an internal load. Writing into registers occurs by interrupting the RF field in a specific way. The TK5551 transponder operates at a nominal frequency of 125 kHz. There are different bit rates and encoding schemes. The on-chip 264-bit EEPROM (8 block, 33 bits each) can be read and written block wise from the base station. The blocks can be protected against overwriting by using lock bits. One block is reserved for setting the operation modes of the IC. Another block contains a password to prevent unauthorized writing. See e5551 data sheet for more detailed information of the IDIC. Figure 2. Block Diagram of the e5551
Read/Write IDIC e5551
Modulator
POR
Coil1 Mode register
Analog front end Write decoder
Memory (264 bit EEPROM) Controller
Coil2
Bit rate generator
Input register
Test logic
HV generator
Vdd
Vss
Test pads
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TK5551
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability
Parameters
Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Assembly temperature t < 5 minutes Magnetic field strength at 125 kHz
Symbol
Tamb Tstg Tass Hpp
Value
-40 to +85 -40 to +125 170 1000
Unit
C C C A/m
Operating Characteristics: Transponder
Tamb = 25C, f = 125 kHz, unless otherwise specified
Parameters
Inductance
Test Conditions
Symbol
L
Min.
Typ.
3.8
Max.
Unit
mH
LC Circuit, Hpp = 20 A/m
Resonance frequency Quality factor Room temperature fr QLC 120 125 13 130 kHz
Magnetic Field Strength (H)
Maximum field strength where tag does not modulate Field strength for operation Programming mode Data retention EEPROM Programming cycles EEPROM Programming time/block Maximum field strength RF = 125 kHz tp Hpp max Hpp = 20 A/m Hpp = 30 A/m Hpp = 50 A/m Hpp = 100 A/m 4.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 No influence to other tags in the field Tamb = -40C Tamb = 25C Tamb = 85C Tamb = 25C Tamb = 25C Hpp not Hpp -40 Hpp 25 Hpp 85 Hpp tretention 10 100,000 16 600 ms A/m 4 30 18 17 50 A/m A/m A/m A/m A/m Years
Modulation Range (see also H-DV Curve)
Modulation range
DV
V
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Figure 3. Typical TK Range of Resonance Frequency
4 3
TK of fres (%)
2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (C)
Figure 4. Typical H-DV Curve
9 8 7 6
DV (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
HPP (A/m)
Figure 5. Measurement of the Modulation Range DV
Output voltage of the testing application
V1
Vmod
DV = V1 - Vmod
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TK5551
Measurement Assembly
All parameters are measured in a Helmholtz arrangement, which generates a homogenous magnetic field (see Figure 6 and Figure 7). A function generator drives the field generating coils, so the magnetic field can be varied in frequency and field strength.
Figure 6. Testing Application
SENSING COILS ( IN PHASE ) SUBTRACTOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER 1:10 REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE ) REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE )
TK5551
FIELD GENERATING COILS ( IN PHASE )
FUNCTION GENERATOR
Figure 7. Testing Geometry
30 mm
15 mm
TK5551
24 mm 60 mm
REFERENCE COIL
2 mm SENSING COIL SENSING COIL
REFERENCE COIL
5 mm FIELD GENERATING COIL FIELD GENERATING COIL
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4709B-RFID-10/03
Writing Data into the TK5551
The write sequence of the TK5551 is shown below. Writing data into the transponder occurs by interrupting the RF field with short gaps. After the start gap the standard write OP code (10) is followed by the lock bit. The next 32 bits contain the actual data. The last 3 bits denote the destination block address. If the correct number of bits have been received, the actual data is programmed into the specified memory block.
Figure 8. Write Protocol
RF field Standard OP-code 1 0 0 32 bit Address bits (e.g. block 4) 1 0 0 > 64 clocks
Start gap Read mode
Lock bit Write mode
Write Data Decoding
The time elapsing between two detected gaps is used to encode the information. As soon as a gap is detected, a counter starts counting the number of field clock cycles until the next gap is detected. Depending on how many field clocks elapse, the data is regarded as '0' or '1'. The required number of field clocks is shown in Figure 9. A valid '0' is assumed if the number of counted clock periods is between 16 and 32, for a valid '1' it is 48 or 64 respectively. Any other value being detected results in an error, and the device exits write mode and returns to read mode.
Figure 9. Write Data Decoding Scheme
Field clock cycles Write data decoder 1 fail 16 0 32 fail 48 1 64 writing done
Actual Behavior of the Device
The TK5551 detects a gap if the voltage across the coils decreases below the threshold value of an internal MOS transistor. Until then, the clock pulses are counted. The number given for a valid '0' or '1' (see Figure 9) refers to the actual clock pulses counted by the device. However, there are always more clock pulses being counted than were applied by the base station. The reason for this is the fact that an RF field cannot be switched off immediately. The coil voltage decreases exponentially. So although the RF field coming from the base station is switched off, it takes some time until the voltage across the coils reaches the threshold value of an internal MOS transistor and the device detects the gap. Referring to the following diagram (see Figure 10 on page 7), this means that the device uses the times t0 internal and t1 internal. The exact times for t0 and t1 are dependent on the application (e.g., field strength, etc.) Measured write-time frames of the IDIC demo kit software are: t0 = 50 ms to 130 ms t1 = 270 ms to 390 ms tgap = 180 ms to 400 ms Antennas with a high Q-factor require longer times for tgap and shorter time values for t0 and t1.
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TK5551
Figure 10. Ideal and Real Behavior Signals
t1 Coil voltage 1 0 1 tgap t0 Coil voltage 1 t1 internal
Gap detect Ideal behavior RF level reduces to zero immediately Gap detect Actual behavior RF level decreases exponentially
t1
tgap
t0
0 t0 internal
1
Operating Distance
The maximum distance between the base station and the TK5551 depends mainly on the base station, the coil geometries and the modulation options chosen (see "U2270B Antenna Design Hints" and the "U2270B" data sheet). Under laboratory conditions, a distance of up to 9 cm can be reached. For optimized distance, please refer to the application note. When using Atmel's U2270B demo board, the typical distances in the range of 0 cm to 5 cm can be achieved. The AOR mode is an anti-collision procedure for transponders to read, e.g., 10 transponders in the field during 500 ms (RF/32, maxblock 2). The number of transponders and the time to read out are dependent on the application. If the AOR mode has been configured by AOR bit at block 0, the transponder remains in sleep mode while putting it into the field. If the specified AOR wake-up command is sent, the dedicated transponder generates an internal RESET (see section "OP Code Formats" in the e5551 data sheet). Due to the RESET the transponder is woken up. That means, the transponder is able to modulate the field (read mode). The AOR wake-up command consists of the OP code and the 32-bit password. The time duration to send the AOR wake-up sequence is between 8.7 ms and 27.5 ms according to Figure 10. The time duration is dependent on the minimum/maximum values of the measured write-time frames and the content of the password. To select another transponder in the field, it is necessary to send the stop OP code to stop the modulation of the transponder.
Anti-collision Mode by Password Request (AOR = Answer-OnRequest)
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Application
Figure 11. Complete Transponder System with the Read/Write Base Station IC U2270B
110 k 5V VBatt 47 nF 22 F 680 pF Input 4.7 k 1N4148 470 k 1.5 nF C31 COIL2 1.2 nF 1.35 mH R COIL1 Read/write circuit DGND GND 100 nF Microcontroller DVS VEXT VS U2270B RF MS CFE OE Standby Output Gain 5V VDD M44C260
BP00 BP01 BP02 BP03 BP10
osc IN 32 kHz
osc OUT
Power
Data
V
SS
e5551 Transponder TK5551
fres = 1/ (2LC) = 125 kHz
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TK5551
Ordering Information
Extended Type Number
TK5551M-PP Note: 1.
Package
Plastic package
Remarks
All kinds of modulation; RF/8, RF/16, RF/32, RF/40, RF/50,RF/64,RF/100 and RF/128(1) Default programmed: Manchester Modulation, RF/32, MAXBLK = 2
See data sheet e5551
Package Information
Dimensions in mm
9
4709B-RFID-10/03
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4709B-RFID-10/03

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